线性文化遗产的特征及其对旅游利用模式的影响——基于《世界遗产名录》的统计分析

线性文化遗产是一种特殊的遗产类型,随着人们对遗产完整性不断深入的理解以及遗产活化利用理念的发展,线性文化遗产旅游的重要性日益显现。因此,树立线性文化遗产意识,把握线性文化遗产特征,是推进线性文化遗产旅游利用和可持续发展的重要问题。本文以《世界遗产名录》中收录的线性文化遗产为基础数据,对线性文化遗产的类别与列入标准、资源组合模式和核心区与缓冲区等典型特征进行深入分析,并从旅游空间演化和旅游活化路径两方面总结其对旅游利用模式的影响,以期为线性文化遗产旅游的可持续发展提供科学参考。研究结果表明,线性文化遗产旅游空间结构发展过程遵循“增长极”演化规律,并在遗产文化分层上表现出不同的利用方式和活化路径。     

Dose safety motivation mediate the effect of psychological contract of safety on flight attendants' safety performance outcomes?: A social exchange perspective

This study proposes and tests a conceptual model that investigates the mediating effect of safety motivation linking psychological contract of safety (PCS) as manifested by employer obligations of safety and employee obligations of safety to safety violations and safety creative performance (SCP). Data were collected from a sample of flight attendants with two weeks time lag in Iran. Underpinned by social exchange theory, the results of structural equation modeling revealed that safety motivation fully mediates the simultaneous effects of PCS indicators on safety violations and SCP. Specifically, indicators of PCS jointly enhance safety motivation. In turn, safety motivation reduces safety violations, while enhancing SCP. Theoretical and practical implications evoked from the results advance existing knowledge of organizationally social interactions in promoting safety and the motivational mechanism through which PCS predicts employees' safety performance outcomes.     

旅游产业与县域经济耦合协调发展研究 ——来自桂林阳朔县的经验证据

旅游业可以带动县域经济的发展,但也要依靠一定程度的经济作为基础支撑,如何协调好两者的均衡发展,关系到旅游产业与县域经济的耦合协调问题。以阳朔县为研究对象,采用协整分析、误差修正模型以及耦合协调度分析的方法对2004年至2018年阳朔县旅游产业和经济的关系和耦合协调性进行研究。结果表明：旅游产业和经济之间存在长期均衡的关系,经济的短期波动受旅游产业的短期波动以及误差修正项的影响；旅游产业和经济在观测期间由轻度失调逐渐转变为良好协调的状态。     

基于POI提取的山地丘陵区乡村旅游空间分布研究*——以重庆市农家乐为例

［目的］通过大数据研究山地丘陵区乡村旅游的空间分布现状及规律，为乡村旅游规划提供参考借鉴。［方法］基于POI抓取技术，以2018年9月抓取到的重庆市1 644家农家乐为研究对象，结合各种地理基础数据资料，借助GIS分析手段，采用最近邻指数、K函数、核密度估计、Getis Ord Gi*热点分析和Moran′s I指数对重庆市农家乐空间分布特征进行研究。［结果］（1）重庆市农家乐分布整体呈现显著聚集趋势，空间自相关性显著； 主城区为聚集—随机分布，空间自相关性不显著； （2）市域范围农家乐聚集程度随空间尺度的增大而增强，主城区特征空间尺度为2139km； （3）农家乐在中部主城区集中连片分布，在主城外零散分布； （4）全市农家乐分布热点区域集中在中南部； （5）7044%的农家乐分布在距城市中心120km的范围内； （6）767%的农家乐分布在A级景区周边10km范围内，且倾向于分布在自然类景区和高等级景区周边； （7）中海拔地区为农家乐分布的主要区域。［结论］提出针对性的改善建议，以优化农家乐产业布局，促进乡村旅游发展与生态文明建设充分结合，更好助力乡村振兴。     

乡村旅游开发下农户生计适应变化与影响机理研究*——以延安市乡村旅游为例

［目的］以延安市3个典型乡村旅游地为例，结合可持续生计分析框架和适应性理论，分析农户在乡村旅游扰动下的适应策略与适应模式，定量测度不同适应模式农户的适应结果。厘清农户未来生计策略选择的影响因素及其机制，提出促进农户及乡村旅游地可持续发展的对策。［方法］通过参与性农户评估法及二元回归分析法分析影响农户未来生计策略选择的因素。［结果］（1）旅游开发造成案例地农户自然资本丧失，失地农户由务农或务工为主的单一适应方式向兼业型与非农型转变，分化为4种不同类型的农户，且各类农户在各描述指标方面差异显著。（2）农户的生计资本衡量3个社区旅游开发后的适应结果，生计资本普遍较低且内部各维度差异明显。对比4类农户适应结果可得：复合生计型>务工主导型>旅游服务型>社会保障型。（3）通过二元逻辑回归模型深入解释当下适应结果对农户未来生计策略选择的影响，物质资本、金融资本和社会资本均影响农户选择意愿，其中可借款人数是最关键的影响变量。［结论］农户在旅游开发背景下生计动态适应的影响机制为旅游开发及基于此补偿制度是农户现在生计适应活动的外部起因，按照适应类型以及收入比重，分化为4种模式农户； 现行生计适应策略使农户适应结果迥异，生计资本的储量和结构差异显著，这种差异是农户未来生计选择的直接动因； 3个社区不同类型的旅游开发模式是农户未来生计策略选择分异的推动力量。     

When is Effort Contagious in New Venture Management Teams? Understanding the Contingencies of Social Motivation Theory

Consistent with social motivation theory, prior research on managerial motivation suggests that effort is contagious across management team members. In this study, we draw on belongingness theory to develop a model on important boundary conditions to social motivation theory in the management team context. The model predicts that new venture managers react to their teammates’ higher effort levels by investing higher effort levels themselves primarily when they are confronted with a threat – namely, low venture performance and high environmental hostility – but that effort is less contagious when managers face little threat. We test our model with a sample of 103 new venture managers nested in 51 management teams in a longitudinal setting capturing managerial effort over 26 weeks. While we do not find a direct relationship between teammates’ effort and a new venture manager’s subsequent effort, we find support for the crucial role of threat in triggering the contagion of managerial effort. We discuss the contributions of our study for research on management teams, performance feedback, and entrepreneurial effort in new ventures.     

Social media-based analysis of cultural ecosystem services and heritage tourism in a coastal region of Mexico

Understanding spatial patterns of visitation and benefits accrued to different types of natural and cultural heritage tourists may have important implications for the sustainable management of their destinations. We investigate cultural services accrued to local, domestic and international visitors to the Usumacinta floodplain, a coastal region with one of the highest biological and cultural diversities in Mexico. We combine analysis of social media photographs and high-resolution land cover mapping to identify different cultural services and their association with specific ecosystem and land cover types. Hotspots for international tourists are spatially restricted to well-known and accessible sites. Locals are 2.2–2.5 times more likely than international visitors to be associated with aesthetic appreciation and birdwatching. Locals upload more photographs of coastal lagoons, mangroves, beach and sea. Results are analyzed in light of land cover changes in the region and provide valuable information to decision makers for improved tourism management and conservation strategies.     

Wellness tourism and spatial stigma: A case study of Bama,China

This study focused on the stigmatisation of an emerging wellness tourism destination due to patient travel for tourism. The concept of spatial stigma was adopted to explore how local residents perceive, experience and manage the particular negative effects of wellness tourism. The study investigated Bama Yao Autonomous County, colloquially known as ‘Bama’, in China, to which many tourists with cancer and other chronic diseases travel. The results showed that the influx of wellness tourists brought significant challenges in this area. The residents reported ambivalent experiences of and feelings about wellness tourism in local communities, and disagreed with the vilification of wellness tourists. However, they were concerned about the potential consequences of wellness tourism. To manage and resist spatial stigma, the residents deliberately separated themselves from the places occupied by wellness tourists. The theoretical contributions and managerial implications of the study are discussed.     

Effects of perceived constraints and negotiation on learned helplessness: A study of Chinese senior outbound tourists

Learned helplessness is an important psychological construct that may influence senior tourists' subjective wellbeing while travelling. Employing a mixed-method approach and a multi-sample design, this study examines how Chinese senior outbound tourists’ perceived travel constraints and negotiation efforts affect learned helplessness in outbound travel. We identified four perceived constraints (perceived incapability, lack of suitable travel agencies and services, lack of information and personal support, and complex travel decision-making) and three negotiation strategies (seeking family support, physical/health preparation, and learning). Multiple regression analyses showed that among the four perceived constraints, only perceived incapability increased learned helplessness significantly; conversely, negotiation in general reduced learned helplessness. However, not as expected, negotiation was not founded to be a moderator between perceived constraints and learned helplessness. Theoretical and practical implications are also discussed.     

乡村旅游景点自营电子商务平台的市场推广路径研究--以南京市为例

以南京市景点自营电子商务平台为研究对象,调查发现南京市景点自营电子商务平台存在着知名度不高、使用频率低等问题,导致这些问题主要原因是景点自营电子商务平台产品单一、市场推广渠道受限。提出了景点自营电子商务平台借助政府公信力完善信息资源体系、加强第三方平台合作、丰富平台特色产品等市场渠道拓展战略。